Sociology 210 Study Guide - 1129 Words

Chapter One: The Sociological Perspective I. The Sociological Perspective. A. Sociology is the systematic study of human society. B. The sociological perspective (Berger, 1963) helps us to see general social patterns in the behavior of particular individuals (the general in the particular). C. It also encourages us to realize that society guides our thoughts and deeds — to see the strange in the familiar (Berger, 1963). D. Sociology also encourages us to see personal choice in social context. 1. For example, Emile Durkheim’s (1858-1917) research showed that the suicide rate was strongly influenced by the extent to which people were socially integrated with others. 2. WINDOW ON THE WORLD—Global Map 1–1 (p. 4): Women’s†¦show more content†¦V. Sociological Theory. A. A theory is a statement of how and why specific facts are related. The goal of sociological theory is to explain social behavior in the real world. B. Theories are based on theoretical approaches, basic images of society that guide thinking and research. Sociologists ask two basic questions: â€Å"What issues should we study?† and â€Å"How should we connect the facts?† There are three major sociological paradigms: 1. The structural-functional approach is a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. a. It asserts that our lives are guided by social structures (relatively stable patterns of social behavior). b. Each social structure has social functions, or consequences, for the operation of society as a whole. c. Key figures in the development of this approach include Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Herbert Spencer, and Talcott Parsons. d. Robert Merton (1910-2003) introduced three concepts related to social function: 1) manifest functions, the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern 2) latent functions, largely unrecognized and unintended con-sequences 3) social dysfunctions, undesirable consequences of a social pattern for the operation of society e. Critical review: The influence of this approach has declined in recent decades. 2. The social-conflict approach, or Marxist Theory, is a framework for buildingShow MoreRelatedWhy Do Such Divisions Exist Within The Labour Market? Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pagescauses of labour market insecurity and inequality, analyzing the effects on social groups, and determining how government and employer policies can aid in reducing work-related insecurity and inequality. Insecurity versus Inequality In the Sociology 321 Study Guide, Ursule Critoph defines labour market insecurity as â€Å"the lack of dependable income and work and to the presence of dangerous and difficult working conditions,† and labour market inequality as â€Å"the different statuses, experiences, and outcomesRead MoreDistinguish Between Crime as a Social and a Sociological Problem, to What Extent Should Sociologists Attempt to Combat â€Å"the Social Problem of Crime†1943 Words   |  8 Pageslaws. Laws are formal sanctions. Durkheim who was probably one of the founding fathers of sociology saw crime and deviance as social facts. (Giddens 2001 pg. 207). They are essential and necessary to a society’s progression. The problem with this is that traditional norms become undermined and if you don’t replace them, Anomie exists. Durkheim believed Anomie exists when there are no clear standards to guide behaviour, social values and norms become weakened. If they are not replaced with n ew onesRead MoreThe Research Article Selected For This Critical Deconstruction1242 Words   |  5 Pagesis a well respected journal with a history dating back to 1977. While the journal is not highly ranked according to the SCImago Journal Rank Indicator, with a H Index of 47 and occupying the first quartile in the fields of Environmental Science, Sociology and Political Science, and Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, the journal has respectable metrics further validating the selection of the article for this deconstruction. The central research problem of the article relates to the lackRead MoreEducational Philosophy: Metaphysics, Epistemology, Axiology, and Logic1746 Words   |  7 Pages(Dewey 1938/1997). Dewey axiology and epistemology emphasized that each individual required different experiences from education, and the only real meaning they would derive from these was the contribution they made to society. Teachers could serve as guides and arrange lessons as needed, but they were not in the classroom simply to impart knowledge, follow a standardized curriculum and lecture while the students passively took notes. Teachers would also have to be aware of the previous experiences ofRead MoreMy Photographic Methodology And Research Practice On The Gulf Region1598 Words   |  7 Pages In urban studies there is growing acknowledgement that ‘experience’ is configured and shaped by ‘temporality.’ My photographic methodology and research practice in the Gulf region has focused on how informal territorial appropriation allows individuals to claim a space as their own. As a result ‘temporality’ becomes an important structural component in forming and exploring ocular identity in Gulf cities. 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Bazalgette supported Newman s point by stating Media studies open up your understanding of how things work, how people become informed - or misinformed - and how the myths and ideologies that govern all our lives are created and sustained. (Bazalgette, 2000, pp.14). Thus, the focus of this essay will be onRead MoreEffect of Social Media(Facebook)on Nigerian Undergraduate2658 Words   |  11 Pagessocial communication changes introduced by the relatively young prologue of social network site mandate the essences of this study. This study accessed the influenced social media (facebook in particular) on Nigeria youth in the higher institutio n. Specifically it attempts to collect facts on the positive and negative influence of facebook on Nigeria youth. Background of the Study New type of communication influence by rapidly changing internet-based-technologies have spurred research on mass communicationsRead MoreCross Cultural Differences Between The United States, Finland, And South Korea Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Dennis Soc 210 Introduction to Sociology 5H02FA Cross Cultural Differences in Education Education plays an important role in our everyday lives. It allows us to have the knowledge and capabilities to perform tasks and overcome challenges in a variety of situations. Education is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, beliefs, or values. These attributes that are acquired in education helps to get into college, start a career, or can even understand people. Within this research paper IRead MoreHow do Working Conditions in the Workplace Affect Our Well-Being?552 Words   |  2 PagesBloswick, D., Villnave, T. and Joseph, B. (1998) Ergonomics, in Phyllis M. King (Ed.) Sourcebook of occupational rehabilitation, pp. 145-165. New York: Plenum Press. Canadian Centre for Management Development (2002) A fine balance: a manager’s guide to workplace well-being. CCMD: Canada [online]. Available: http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/SC94-93-2002E.pdf [2014, March 10]. Cartwright, S. and Cooper, C. (2009) The Oxford handbook of organizational well-being. Oxford: Oxford University